CLASS - 6 SCIENCE (Medium - Eng)

Chapter-2 Components of Food

                                                        Notes

1. Food – Every dish is made from one or more types of raw ingredients, which are called food ingredients.

2. Nutrients – The elements that provide us energy for growth and functioning are called nutrients.
  • The main nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and mineral salts.
  • In addition, food also contains roughage and water, which are necessary for our body.

3. Carbohydrates – The main carbohydrates found in our food are in the form of starch and sugar.

Starch and sugar – The presence of starch in food is indicated by a blue or black color.

  • Carbohydrates mainly provide energy to the body.

Sources of carbohydrates: wheat, rice, sugarcane, papaya, watermelon, mango, etc.


4. Proteins – Our body needs protein for growth and to stay healthy.

  •  The presence of protein in food is indicated by a purple color.                      

  Sources of protein: 1) Plant sources, 2) Animal source.                                                     

  Plant sources: Chickpeas, peas, mung beans, etc., are plant-based sources of protein.

     Animal sources: Meat, fish, cheese, etc., are animal-based sources of protein.

    5. Fats – Fats provide energy to the body.
    • The presence of fats in food is indicated by an oil stain on paper.

    Sources of fats: 1) Plants source, 2) Animal sources.

    Plant sources: Peanuts, sesame seeds, etc., are plant-based sources of fats.

    Animal sources: Meat, ghee, milk, cream, etc., are animal-based sources of fats.


    6. Vitamins – Vitamins protect the body from diseases.

    •  It helps in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth, and gums healthy.
    • Vitamins are of many types and are known by different names—
    • Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K.
    • A group of vitamins known as Vitamin B complex.
    • The body requires all types of vitamins.
    • The body requires all types of vitamins.
    • Vitamin A: Keeps the skin and eyes healthy.
    • Vitamin C: Helps in fighting diseases.
    • Vitamin D: Assists the body in using calcium for bones and teeth.
           Our body also makes Vitamin D from sunlight.

    7. Mineral salts – Every mineral salt is necessary for the proper growth and good health of the body.

    Sources of mineral salts:

    • Iodine: Ginger, spinach, etc.
    • Phosphorus: Milk, banana, wheat.
    • Iron: Spinach, apple, liver.
    • Calcium: Milk, eggs, etc.

    8. Roughage – Our body requires dietary fiber and water.

    •  Dietary fiber is also known as roughage.

    Sources of roughage: Whole grains, pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits, and vegetables.

    • Roughage helps the body in excreting undigested food.

    9. Diet – The food we consume throughout the day is called a diet.


    Balanced diet – To maintain growth and good health, our diet should contain all the nutrients in appropriate amounts that the body requires. This is called a balanced diet.

    Examples: Lentils, peanuts, soybeans, sprouted seeds (mung and chickpeas), bananas, jaggery, etc.

                                                    EXERCISES

    Question 1: Write the names of the main nutrients in our food.

    Answer: The main nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. In addition, our body also requires dietary fiber and water.

    Question 2: Write the names for the following:

    a) Nutrients that mainly provide energy to our body.
    b) Nutrients that are required for the growth and maintenance of our body.
    c) The vitamin that is necessary for our good vision.
    d) The mineral that is necessary for bones.

    Answer:
    a) Carbohydrates and fats
    b) Proteins
    c) Vitamin A
    d) Calcium

    Question 3: Write the names of two food items in which the following nutrients are abundantly present:

    a) Fats
    b) Starch
    c) Dietary fiber
    d) Protein

    Answer:
    a) Fats – Ghee, butter, milk, egg, etc.
    b) Starch – Potatoes, sugar, rice, etc.
    c) Dietary fiber – Vegetables, fruits, etc.
    d) Protein – Milk, legumes, eggs, etc.

    Question 4: Mark the correct statements with (✓):

    a) Eating only rice can fulfill our body’s nutritional needs. ( )
    b) A balanced diet can help in preventing deficiency diseases. (✓)
    c) A balanced diet for the body should include various types of food. (✓)
    d) Eating only meat is enough to provide all the nutrients to the body. ( )

    Answer:
    a) (×)
    b) (✓)
    c) (✓)
    d) (×)

    Question 5: Fill in the blanks:

    a) ________ is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D.
    b) ________ deficiency causes the disease called beriberi.
    c) A deficiency of Vitamin C causes the disease called ________.
    d) A deficiency of ________ in our food causes night blindness.

    Answer:
    a) Rickets
    b) Vitamin B1
    c) Scurvy
    d) Vitamin A


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